Makina opangira migodi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pantchito zofukula ndi kukulitsa migodi. Kuphatikiza makina opangira migodi ndi makina opangira zinthu zabwino. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka makina opangira zinthu zambiri ndi yofanana kapena yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula migodi yofanana. Mwachidule, makina opangira zinthu zambiri ndi a makina opangira zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, makina ambiri opangira zinthu, ma conveyor, ma ventilator ndi makina otulutsira madzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pantchito zofukula migodi.

Kugawa makina a migodi

1. Zipangizo zophwanyira
Zipangizo zophwanyira ndi zida zamakina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophwanyira mchere.

Ntchito zoponda nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu monga kuponda kolimba, kuponda kwapakati ndi kuponda pang'ono malinga ndi kukula kwa kudyetsa ndi kutulutsa kwa granularity. Zipangizo za miyala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kuponda jaw, kuponda kogwira mtima, kuponda kogwira mtima, kuponda kophatikizana, kuponda kwa hammer kokhazikika, kuponda koyimirira, kuponda kwa gyratory, kuponda kwa cone, kuponda kwa roller Machine, kuponda kawiri, kuponda kwa awiri, kuponda kamodzi, ndi zina zotero.

Yagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi malinga ndi njira yophwanyira ndi mawonekedwe a makina (mfundo yogwirira ntchito).
(1) Chotsukira nsagwada (Laohukou). Ntchito yotsukira ndi kukanikiza mbale ya nsagwada yosunthika nthawi ndi nthawi pa mbale ya nsagwada yokhazikika kuti muphwanye miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ili mkati mwake.
(2) Chotsukira miyala yamtengo wapatali. Chotchingira miyala yamtengo wapatali chili pakati pa zotchingira zamkati ndi zakunja, chotchingira chakunja chili chokhazikika, ndipo chotchingira chamkati chimagwedezeka modabwitsa kuti chiswe kapena kuswa chotchingira miyala yamtengo wapatali chomwe chili mkati mwake.
(3) Chotsukira ma roller. Chidutswachi chimaphwanyidwa mosalekeza pakati pa ma roller awiri ozungulira omwe amazungulira mosiyana, komanso chimakhala ndi mphamvu yopera ndi kutsekeka, ndipo pamwamba pa roller yokhala ndi mano palinso mphamvu yodula.
(4) Chotsukira cha impact. Zidutswa za miyala zimaphwanyidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa zigawo zoyenda mofulumira. Gululi likhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa: chotsukira cha hammer; chotsukira cha cage; chotsukira cha impact.
(5) Makina opera. Mchere umaphwanyidwa ndi kugwedezeka ndi ntchito yopera ya chopera (mpira wachitsulo, ndodo yachitsulo, miyala kapena chipika chachitsulo) mu silinda yozungulira.
(6) Mitundu ina ya makina ophwanyira ndi opera.

2. Makina opangira migodi
Makina opangira migodi ndi zida zamakanika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba mwachindunji mchere wothandiza komanso ntchito zamigodi, kuphatikizapo: makina opangira migodi opangira zitsulo ndi miyala yosakhala yachitsulo; makina opangira malasha opangira malasha; makina opangira mafuta opangira mafuta opangira mafuta. Chodulira choyamba cha pneumatic disc chinapangidwa ndi injiniya waku Britain Walker ndipo chinapangidwa bwino cha m'ma 1868. M'zaka za m'ma 1880, zitsime zambiri zamafuta ku United States zinabooledwa bwino ndi zoboolera zoyendetsedwa ndi nthunzi. Mu 1907, chogwirira chozungulira chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poboolera zitsime zamafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe. Kuyambira mu 1937, chagwiritsidwa ntchito poboolera dzenje lotseguka.

3. Makina opangira migodi
Makina Opangira Migodi Makina ogwiritsira ntchito migodi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi yapansi panthaka ndi m'migodi yotseguka ndi awa: makina obowola mabowo; kukumba makina ndi kukweza ndi kutsitsa makina ofukula ndi kukweza miyala; makina obowola mabowo a patio, shafts ndi sileveling.

4. Makina obowola
Makina obowola amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: makina obowola miyala ndi makina obowola. Makina obowola amagawidwa m'magawo obowola pamwamba ndi makina obowola pansi.
① Chobowolera miyala: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuboola mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi a 20-100 mm ndi kuya kosakwana mamita 20 m'miyala pamwamba pa kuuma kwapakati. Malinga ndi mphamvu zawo, zitha kugawidwa m'mabowo a mpweya, kuyaka mkati, ma hydraulic ndi miyala yamagetsi. Pakati pawo, zobowolera mpweya ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
② Chida chobowolera pamwamba: Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali, chimagawidwa m'zida zobowolera zitsulo, zida zobowolera pansi pa dzenje, zida zobowolera zozungulira ndi zida zobowolera zozungulira. Zida zobowolera zitsulo za waya zasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zida zina zobowolera chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito bwino.
③Chida chobowolera pansi: Pobowolera pansi mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 150 mm, kuwonjezera pa mabowole a miyala, mabowole ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mainchesi 80 mpaka 150 mm angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

5. Makina opangira ngalande
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya axial ndi mphamvu yozungulira ya choduliracho kuti chigubuduzidwe pamwamba pa thanthwe, chimatha kuphwanya mwachindunji mapangidwe a miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena zida zamakaniko zopangira zitsime. Mipeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga ma disk hobs, ma wedge hobs, ma button hobs ndi zida zogayira. Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa tunneling, imagawidwa m'magulu awiri: rig yokweza boring, shaft boring rig ndi flat road boring machine.
① Zipangizo zobowolera mabowo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pobowolera mabowo okweza ndi ma chute. Nthawi zambiri, sipafunika kulowa m'bowo lokwezera. Bowo loyambira limabowoledwa ndi chogwirira chozungulira kaye, ndipo choyezera mabowo chopangidwa ndi chitofu cha disc chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubweza bowolo mmwamba.
②Chida chobowolera shaft chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuboola chitsime nthawi imodzi, ndipo chimakhala ndi makina obowolera, chipangizo chozungulira, derrick, makina onyamulira zida zobowolera ndi makina oyendera matope.
③Makina obowola, ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina ambiri omwe amaphatikiza kuswa miyala ndi kutulutsa zinyalala ndi kufukula kosalekeza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamisewu ya malasha, kupanga ngalande m'migodi yofewa komanso kugawa pakati pa miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi kuuma kwapakati komanso pamwamba pake. Kubowola ngalande.

6. Makina opangira malasha
Ntchito zofukula malasha zayamba kuyambira pa semi-mechanization m'zaka za m'ma 1950 mpaka comprehensive mechanization m'zaka za m'ma 1980. Comprehensive mechanization malasha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu migodi iwiri (yomwe imadulidwa pang'ono) ya ng'oma imodzi (kapena mapulawo), ma conveyor osinthika a scraper, othandizira odziyendetsa okha a hydraulic ndi zida zina kuti migodi ya malasha iphwanyike ndi kunyamula. Comprehensive comprehensive malasha, mayendedwe, chithandizo ndi maulalo ena adzachitika. Double drum shearer ndi makina ogwetsa malasha. Mota yamagetsi imatumiza mphamvu ku ng'oma yozungulira kuti igwetse malasha kudzera mu cutting part reducer, ndipo kuyenda kwa makinawo kumachitika ndi mota yamagetsi kudzera mu chipangizo chotumizira ma traction part. Pali njira ziwiri zokokera, zomwe ndi nangula chain traction ndi non-nangula chain traction. Nangula chain traction imachitika polumikiza sprocket ya gawo lokokera ndi nangula chain yokhazikika pa conveyor.

7. Kuboola mafuta
Makina obowola mafuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Malinga ndi njira yogwirira ntchito m'migodi, amagawidwa m'magawo monga makina obowola, makina ochotsera mafuta, makina ogwirira ntchito, ndi makina ophwanyika ndi opangitsa asidi kuti asunge kupanga bwino kwa zitsime zamafuta. Makina obowola Zida zonse zamakina zobowola kapena zobowola kuti apange mafuta kapena gasi wachilengedwe. Zipangizo zobowola mafuta, kuphatikizapo ma derrick, zokokera, makina amagetsi, makina oyendera matope, makina ogwirira ntchito, ma turntable, kuyika ma wellhead ndi makina owongolera magetsi. Derick imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika ma cranes, ma traveling blocks, ma hooks, ndi zina zotero, kunyamula zinthu zina zolemera mmwamba ndi pansi pa bowola, ndikuyimitsa zida zobowola m'chitsime kuti zibowole.

8. Makina opangira mchere
Kupatsa phindu ndi njira yosankhira mchere wothandiza kuchokera ku zinthu zopangira mchere zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa malinga ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu zakuthupi, zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo za mchere wosiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumatchedwa makina opangira phindu. Makina opangira phindu amagawidwa m'makina ophwanya, opera, owunikira, osankha (osankhira) ndi ochotsa madzi malinga ndi njira yopangira phindu. Makina ophwanya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ophwanya nsagwada, ophwanya gyratory, ophwanya ma cone, ophwanya ma roller ndi ophwanya ma impact. Makina ophwanya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mphero ya migolo, kuphatikiza ma rod mill, ma ball mill, ma gravel mill ndi ma superfine laminated self-mills. Ma inertial vibrating screens ndi ma resonance screens amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makina owunikira. Ma hydraulic classifiers ndi makina ogawa ndi makina ogawa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito zogawa magawo amadzi. Makina ogawa magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makina ogawa magawo a microbubble flotation, ndipo makina odziwika bwino ochotsa madzi ndi makina owuma owuma okhala ndi ma frequency ambiri. Makina ophwanya ndi opera otchuka kwambiri ndi makina odzipangira okha okhala ndi laminated.

9. Makina oumitsira
Chowumitsira chapadera cha slime ndi mtundu watsopano wa zida zapadera zowumitsira zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira ng'oma, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri mu:
1. Kuumitsa matope a makampani opanga malasha, malasha osaphika, malasha oyera oyandama, malasha oyera osakaniza ndi zinthu zina;
2. Kuumitsa kwa slag ya ng'anjo yophulika, dongo, bentonite, miyala ya laimu, mchenga, miyala ya quartz ndi zipangizo zina mumakampani omanga;
3. Kuumitsa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, zinyalala, zinthu zina zotsalira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zopindulitsa;
4. Kuumitsa zinthu zosakhudzidwa ndi kutentha m'makampani opanga mankhwala.